Project management techniques

Project management techniques. Concepts. Project management techniques allow you to: define the objectives of the project and carry out its rationale. reveal the structure of the project to be carried out, to determine the necessary amounts and sources of funding. pick performers - in particular, through the tender procedure and competitions, prepare and sign contracts, determine the timing of the project, a timetable for its implementation, to calculate the necessary resources, calculate and estimate the project budget, schedule and take into account the risks, and to ensure control over the progress of the project.

Project management techniques include: network planning and management, scheduling, logistics, standard planning, structural planning, resource planning, computer simulation, etc.

Organizational structures and members of project management. Allocate organizational forms: functional structure, involving the use of existing functional hierarchical structure of the organization. Project Manager provides only general coordination of work. divisional form of organization management - is a kind of functional structure formed on a regional, grocery or technological characteristics. project structure - this approach assumes that the range of activities of the project is developed independently of the hierarchical structure of the organization, matrix structure - an intermediate form, combining the advantages of design and functional governance structures. There are three varieties of matrix organization structure: weak matrix - Project Coordinator is responsible for coordinating project tasks, but has limited authority over resources. balanced matrix - Project Manager coordinates all work and share responsibility for the achievement of the goal with the heads of functional departments. rigid matrix - Project Manager has maximum authority, but is solely responsible for fulfillment of project objectives.

Project participants. Participants of the project - the main element of its structure and ensure the implementation of its plan.
Depending on the type of project implementation it may take part of one to several tens of organizations. All these organizations, depending on their functions, made ​​combined in very specific group of participants.
The main participant customer - the future owner and the user of the project. As such, can be played by natural or legal person. When this happens the customer as one organization, and a few have joined forces, interests and capital for the project and its results.

Customers can be investors, as well as natural and legal persons authorized to carry out investors for investment projects.
Investor - investing in the project. In some cases it is - one person with the customer. If the investor and the customer - not the same person, the investor enters into a contract with the customer controls the execution of contracts and settles with other project participants.

Design documentation develop specialized design organizations, collectively referred to Designer. At the same time responsible for the full range of these works is usually one organization called the General Designer.
Logistics project provide organization -suppliers, which can be grouped under the name of the Supplier.
Contractor - a legal entity responsible for the performance of work under the contract.
Firms and specialists engaged on contract terms to provide advisory services to other project participants on all issues collectively referred to its implementation consultant.
Licensor - legal or natural person who has the licenses and "know-how", used in the project. Licensor grants the right to use in the project the necessary scientific and technical achievements.

A special place in the implementation of the project takes the Project Manager. This is - a legal entity which Customer delegate authority to direct the work of the project: planning, monitoring and coordination of the project participants. Under the guidance of the Project Manager works project team - a specific organizational structure headed by the Project Manager and created for the period of easy to effectively achieve its objectives.